Introduction

The hydrazine antidepressants are a group of non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) which were discovered and initially marketed in the 1950s and 1960s. Most have been withdrawn due to toxicity, namely hepatotoxicity, but a few still remain in clinical use.

Tranylcypromine, a structurally unrelated MAOI introduced around the same time as the hydrazines, was originally advertised as non-hydrazine as a result of its diminished propensity for causing hepatotoxicity.

List of Hydrazine Antidepressants

• Marketed:
  • Benmoxin (Neuralex, Nerusil) ‡
  • Iproclozide (Sursum) ‡
  • Iproniazid (Marsilid) ‡
  • Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
  • Mebanazine (Actomol) ‡
  • Nialamide (Niamid) ‡
  • Octamoxin (Ximaol, Nimaol) ‡
  • Phenelzine (Nardil)
  • Pheniprazine (Catron) ‡
  • Phenoxypropazine (Drazine) ‡
  • Pivhydrazine (Tersavid) ‡
  • Safrazine (Safra) ‡
• Legend: ‡ = Withdrawn from the market; † = Partially discontinued; Bolded names indicate major drugs.

• Never marketed:
  • Carbenzide
  • Cimemoxin
  • Domoxin
  • Metfendrazine

• Parkinson’s:
  • Carbidopa

• Tranquillosedative:
  • Centazolone

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