Tag: Pathophysiology

Book: Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach

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Book Title:

Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach.

Author(s): Joseph Dipiro, Robert Talbert, Gary Yee, Gary Matzke, Barbara Wells, and L. Michael Posey.

Year: 2011.

Edition: Eighth (8th).

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education.

Type(s): Hardcover and Paperback.

Synopsis:

The eighth edition will feature the addition of SI units throughout and an increased number of global examples and clinical questions.

Features:

  • Unparalleled guidance in the development of pharmaceutical care plans.
  • Full-colour presentation.
  • Key Concepts in each chapter.
  • Critical Presentation boxes summarise common disease signs and symptoms.
  • Clinical Controversies boxes examine complicated issues you face when providing drug therapy.
  • New material added to the online learning centre.
  • Expanded evidence-based recommendations.
  • Expanded coverage of timely issues such as palliative care and pain medicine.
  • Therapeutic recommendations in each disease-specific chapter.

Investigating Spontaneous Brain Activity in Bipolar Disorder

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Research Paper Title

Investigating spontaneous brain activity in bipolar disorder: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background

Despite several neuroimaging studies in the past few years, the exact pathophysiology responsible for the development of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not completely known.

Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, no study from India has examined resting state (RS) connectivity abnormalities in BD using regional homogeneity (ReHo).

Hence, the researchers examined spontaneous brain activity in patients with BD using RS functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI).

Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the spontaneous brain activity in patients with BD-I using ReHo approach and RS-fMRI compared to age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC).

Methods

A total of 20 patients with BD and 20 age-, gender-, and education-matched HCs participated in the study. The fMRI data were obtained using 1.5T scanner. RS-fMRI abnormalities were analysed using ReHo method.

Results

Compared to healthy adults, significantly increased ReHo in the BD group was found in the right precuneus, right insula, right supramarginal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right paracentral lobule.

No region had significantly lower ReHo values in BD patients compared to controls.

Conclusions

These results suggested that abnormal local synchronisation of spontaneous brain activity is present in the frontoparietoinsular region which may be related to the pathophysiology of BD.

Reference

Achalia, R.M., Jacob, A., Achalia, G., Sable, A., Venkatasubramanian, G. & Rao, N.P. (2019) Investigating spontaneous brain activity in bipolar disorder: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 61(6):630-634. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_391_19.